More information read more about maternal mortality for 181 countries, 19802008 on the lancet web site. In subsaharan africa, a number of countries have halved their levels of maternal mortality since 1990. Infant, underfive and maternal mortality rates unicef. Estimates of maternal mortality ratio mmr, deaths per 100 000 live births, number of maternal deaths and lifetime risk 2008 23 annex 2. Mar 15, 2019 furthermore, nigerias maternal mortality is reported to be 545 per 100,000 births.
This paper reports a facility based study in northcentral. Between 1990 and 2015, the global maternal mortality ratio the number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births declined by only 2. Maternal mortality rate in nigeria still high today. It is an analysis and synthesis of the professional literature surrounding maternal mortality in nigeria. By comparison, the total number of maternal deaths in 2015 in the 46 most developed countries was 1700, resulting in a maternal mortality ratio of 12 maternal deaths per 100. The estimated maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live births for 48 states and washington, dc excluding california and texas, analyzed separately increased by 26. Every single day, nigeria loses about 2,300 underfive year olds and 145 women of child bearing age, making the country the second largest contributor to underfive and maternal mortality rate in.
Nigeria fights high maternal mortality through improved. Nigeria is also the country where nearly 20 % of all global maternal deaths happen. Nigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. However, the rate of maternity care utilization and reduction of maternal death is very low in nigeria. According to the world health organization, this was the second highest number of annual maternal deaths in the world in 2010 and 14% of all maternal deaths globally. Being a sensitive development indicator with unacceptably large crosscountry differentials, maternal mortality was of great concern in both the icpd programme of action and the millennium summit, and improving the maternal health and reducing deaths. This study determined causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality. Levels and determinants of maternal mortality in northern and. The women who survive pregnancy and childbirth may. The most recent estimate of the maternal mortality ratio mmr in nigeria was 545100,000 live births in 2008. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high in nigeria, ranking among the highest in the world and the rate. Map with countries by category according to their maternal mortality ratio mmr, deaths per 100 000 live births, 2008 27 annex 3.
Currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. A woman attends a health education session in northern nigeria. This high level of maternal mortality is also linked to nigerias high rate of deaths for children under 5newborns account for a quarter of the under five deaths which occur in the. Currently, nigeria has the second highest burden of maternal mortality in the world and contributes about 15 percent of the annual total global deaths which represent two. Nigeria s maternal mortality ratio mmr decreased between 1990 and 20. This research examines the geography of maternal mortality in nigeria and. Subsaharan africa has been reported to have the highest maternal death proportions of about 56% of global maternal deaths 1,3,7,8. In other regions, including asia and north africa, even greater headway has been made.
Government policy and initiatives on maternal mortality. Maternal and infant mortality rates are social indicators used to measure the development of any country, and the situation in nigeria is of great. The minister of state for health in 2012 cited a ratio of 487 per 100,000 live births magashi, 2012. The prevalence of maternal mortality in nigeria has become very disturbing as every birth procedure becomes a potential incidence, from the report above, there is at least one case of maternal mortality in every 20 live births. In 2018, neonatal mortality rate for nigeria was 36 deaths per 1,000 live births. Sep 29, 2016 united nations population fund unfpa and the department for international development dfid, have said raised alarm that nigeria s maternal mortality rate has risen to 10 percent where about 111. The data support the need for an increased response in maternal health care and an advocacy campaign to focus public, ngo and policy attention on the issue of maternal health in nigeria, particularly given that nigerias population 158. The use of sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality ratio in lagos state, nigeria. Fifteen years earlier, the figure was slightly lower at 800 deaths per 100,000. Maternal mortality ratio in nigeria is one of the highest in the world.
Estimates of maternal mortality ratio mmr, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, number of maternal deaths, and lifetime risk, by world bank group region and income group, 2015. Nigeria, the most populous country in africa, has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. Maternal mortality declined by 38 per cent between 2000 and 2017 maternal mortality refers to deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth. Between 2005 and 2015, it is estimated that over 600 000 maternal deaths and no less than 900. Introduction in the year 2000, the country with the highest estimated number of maternal death is india 6,000 followed by nigeria 37,000 world health organization, 2004. Pdf maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria. Maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580 % of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy eclampsia, complications of unsafe abortion and obstructed andor prolonged labour.
Factors contributing to maternal mortality in north. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000 live. One of the united nations millennium development goals is to reduce the maternal mortality rate by 75 % by 2015. Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancyrelated death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many. As shown in table 8, during the 5 years immediately preceding the survey, the infant mortality rate was 67 deaths per 1,000 live births. As of 2015, the maternal mortality rate in nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. Countries by maternal mortality ratio in the year 2017. With a currently estimated maternal mortality ratio of 814 per 100,000 live births,1 nigeria has one of the highest ratios of maternal mortality in the world. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000. Neonatal, infant and underfive mortalities in nigeria. A nationally representative data from three consecutive nigeria. Nigeria was selected as a case study based on a number of criteria. Global worry over nigerias low rating in maternal health.
Evidence in the literature indicates that maternal health care by a skilled birth attendant is one of the key strategies for maternal survival. Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing. Records indicate that between 2000 and 2015, the maternal mortality rate in nigeria reduced from 1,170 deaths to 814 deaths per 100,000 live births 30. Prevalence and risk factors for maternal mortality in. Maternal mortality rate by geographic region, united states, 20032007.
Challenges of maternal and prenatal care in nigeria. Nigerias neonatal mortality rate nmr is 34 deaths per 1,000 live births. Infrastructure and facilities within the three tier national health system are inadequate and not well maintained. Neonatal mortality rate of nigeria fell gradually from 68. Specifically, nigeria has one of the highest rates of decline in maternal mortality. The struggle to reduce high maternal mortality in nigeria. Maternal deaths in northern nigeria the main causes of the reported high mortality ratio in northern nigeria are haemorrhage, eclampsia, sepsis and unsafe abortion, while the indirect causes include hepatitis, anaesthetic complications, hivaidsrelated deaths and acute renal failure. Curbing, maternal, child, mortality, nigerian experience. The measured maternal mortality rate is increasing the pregnancyrelated mortality ratio has increased but is now relatively stable disparities are persistent, and some causes of death may be. The minister of state for health in 2012 cited a ratio of 487 per 100,000. Furthermore, nigerias maternal mortality is reported to be 545 per 100,000 births. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births nigeria who, unicef, unfpa, world bank group, and the united nations population division.
Human rights, accountability, and maternal death in nigeria. Trends in estimates of maternal mortality ratio mmr, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births. This translates into an average annual rate of reduction of 2. Approximately 1 in every 9 maternal deaths occurs in nigeria alone.
Therefore, this study assessed the trends and drivers of nmr, imr, and u5m over a decade in nigeria. Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancy related death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many. An assessment of policies and programs for reducing maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. The national maternal mortality ratio has remained elevated despite efforts to reduce maternal. As unicef states, nigeria loses 145 women to maternal mortality each day. The state of the worlds children 2009 focuses on maternal and neonatal health and identifies the interventions and actions that must be scaled up to save lives. In this paper, effort was made to determine the risk factors maternal education, maternal age at birth, and antenatal care visit associated with maternal mortality at the federal medical center. Maternal mortality ratio deaths100,000 live births is reportedly highest in africa, followed by asia, oceania, latin america and the caribbean, and the developed countries. In comparison, with 2014, the rate has not changed. We derived estimates of maternal mortality for 172 countries over the period 19902008.
United nations population fund unfpa and the department for international development dfid, have said raised alarm that nigeria s maternal mortality rate has risen to 10. Maternal mortality in the united states, 1935 to 2007. However, increased rates of accelerated decline in maternal mortality. Currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and accounts for 14% of the global maternal mortality rate. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high in nigeria, ranking among the highest in the world and the rate of reducing these deaths have been. The maternal mortality ratio is used as a criterion for the quality of medical care in a country. Meanwhile, the national maternal mortality rate is less than 20 per 100,000 live births, well below the sdg target of 70. Challenges of maternal and prenatal care in nigeria insight. Recent estimates by the world health organization indicate that not only did the country not achieve goal5 of the millennium development goals that sought to reduce maternal mortality. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, second only to india whose population is eight times larger than that of nigeria. This was to determine the maternal mortality ratio in a secondary health facility, to identify the causes of death and to assess factors associated with these deaths.
Factors contributing to maternal mortality in northcentral nigeria. And in 2015, mortality ratio for nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. The global rate is 211 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Currently, nigeria has the second highest burden of maternal mortality. Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality. However, between 1990 and 2010, the global maternal mortality ratio i. The annual average growth rate of maternal mortality for this period was 1. Nigeria 3 nigeria maternal and newborn health disparities in 2015, 7,100,000 babies were born in nigeria, or around 19,500 every day. The maternal mortality ratio, on the other hand, is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria. Neonatal nmr, infant imr and underfive u5m mortality rates remain high in nigeria. Mar 19, 2018 currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate.
According to unicef, a womans chance of dying from pregnancy and childbirth in nigeria is 1 in. This high level of maternal mortality is also linked to nigeria s high rate. Geographic disparities in maternal mortality during 20032007, the maternal mortality rate varied. Close to 200 million people inhabit nigeria, considered africas most populous country. Adapted from the march april 2010 global health matters article fogarty grantees employ implementation science to reduce maternal deaths in nigeria.
To address the high maternal mortality rates, minister of health, professor isaac adewole in july 2017 inaugurated a 34member task force to accelerate reduction of maternal mortality in nigeria. The overall rate of maternal mortality in nigeria was 22 in 2015. Nigeria demographic and health survey 20 national population commission federal republic of nigeria abuja, nigeria icf international rockville, maryland, usa. Maternal mortality ratio of nigeria fell gradually from 1,220 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1998 to 917 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. Evidencebased knowledge of trends and drivers of child mortality will aid proper interventions needed to combat the menace. According to the world bank estimates, nigerias maternal mortality rate, mmr is still as high as 821 per 100,000 live births. Jun 23, 2015 the maternal mortality rate mmr in nigeria was 560 per 100,000 live births in 20.
Lending its voice to that of unicef, the nigeria human rights commission nhrc recently hinted that nigeria was one of the countries in the world with high maternal and infant death rates with a ratio of 545630 per 100,000 live births, or 75 per 1,000 live births on the infant mortality. Nigeria contributes 10% to worlds maternal mortality unfpa. Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the. In 2017, maternal mortality ratio for nigeria was 917 deaths per 100,000 live births. Pdf risk factors for maternal mortality in nigeria.
According to the world health organization, this was the second highest number of annual. Nation and has the maternal mortality rate of 280 to 1150 per 100,000 live births onwumere, 2010. Most maternal and neonatal deaths can be averted through proven interventions including. Causes of maternal deaths in northern nigeria research cyber. In 2015, nigerias estimated maternal mortality ratio was over 800 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, with approximately 58 000 maternal deaths during that year. Causes of maternal mortality in nigeria the who in year 2008 reported that worldwide, about 80 percent of maternal deaths are due to four major causes severe bleeding, infections. This study was designed to explored factors influencing women utilization of maternal and prenatal care in nigeria. Trends in maternal mortality were estimated either directly from vital registration data or from a hierarchical or multilevel model, depending on the data available for a particular country. Reducing maternal deaths in nigeria fogarty international. Determinantscauses of maternal mortality in nigeria.
Recent estimates by the world health organization indicate that not only did the country not achieve goal5 of the millennium development goals that sought to reduce maternal mortality ratio by 75% by 2015, but it also. Between 2006 to 2015, the rate of maternal mortality in nigeria increased by 30 percent. Oct 05, 2018 causes of maternal mortality in nigeria the who in year 2008 reported that worldwide, about 80 percent of maternal deaths are due to four major causes severe bleeding, infections, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy eclampsia and obstructed labour. Worldwide, maternal deaths are most prevalent in africa and asia, with about with negligible incidence level in the more developed countries of europe and north. List of countries by maternal mortality ratio wikipedia. More information read more about maternal mortality. Maternal mortality is the leading cause of death among women in nigeria, especially women aged between 15 and 19 years. Maternal mortality in a nigerian maternity hospital bioline. The child mortality rate was 69 deaths per 1,000 children surviving to age 12 months, while the overall under5 mortality rate was 2 deaths per 1,000 live births. Doc major causes of maternal mortality in nigeria maimuna. The maternal mortality rate mmr in nigeria was 560 per 100,000 live births in 20. The actual number of maternal deaths in nigeria is difficult to pinpoint and depends on the source and method used to measure. Between 2005 and 2015, it is estimated that over 600 000 maternal deaths and no less than 900 000 maternal nearmiss cases occurred in the country. Due to the crucial role a mother plays in the life of a child, nigeria s current mmr of 630 per 100,000 live births is indicative that.
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